This article analyzes the Mexican presidential and parliamentary elections held ¡n July 2006, focusing on four main issues. First, we describe the main aspects of the Mexican political process in the last decade and the 2006 presidential campaing. Second, we discuss the effects of the electoral results. Third, we analyze the conflictive post electoral process, and argue that its main cause was the role played by PAN and PRI during the pre-electoral process, which led center-left parties to challenge the validity of the electoral results. Finally, we make some comments on possible implications Calderon's victory on Mexico-Chile relations.