The paper analyzes, from a critical perspective, reform processes based on New Public Management ideas, promoted in the Western world and Hispanic America. It is argued that the neomanagerial model was perceived as universal and replicable in any country, without considering the levels of administrative development, bureaucracy professionalization, democracy or citizenry participation in government affairs. The model was more focused on the client and the incorporation of competition within goods markets. However, it overlooked the main feature of any government action: to consolidate institutional capabilities to support democracy. This does not imply ruling out the processes developed so far. Given that some of
them were successful, it is necessary to highlight the lessons and learning that these experiences can bring us, in order to improve government capabilities in democratic societies.