Desafíos para las empresas en un escenario de cambio climático: ¿El fin del business as usual?
Autores/as
-
Martin Aylwin Fernández
Universidad del Desarrollo
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9785-2896
-
Robert Currie Ríos
Universidad del Desarrollo
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7351-801X
Resumen
El cambio climático impacta enormemente a las empresas, las que se ven expuestas a riesgos físicos, regulatorios, judiciales, reputacionales y financieros. Estos riesgos han obligado a las empresas a reaccionar y a gestionarlos, adaptándose a los efectos del cambio climático, disminuyendo su vulnerabilidad y aumentando su resiliencia. En paralelo, diversas iniciativas legales que apuntan a mitigar los gases de efecto invernadero, así como a promover la adaptación, han reformulado el entorno en que operan las empresas. El cambio climático y sus efectos han puesto fin a la forma tradicional de hacer negocios (business as usual), lo que pone a las empresas en un nuevo escenario de desafíos y oportunidades.Palabras clave:
Cambio climático, riesgos, adaptación, mitigaciónReferencias
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Aldy, Joseph y Robert Stavins (2012). «The Promise and Problems of Pricing Carbon: Theory and Practice». Journal of Environment and Development, 21 (2): 152-180. Disponible en https://bit.ly/31dXduv.
Carbon Trust (2004). Brand Value at Risk from Climate Change. Londres. Disponible en https://bit.ly/2zYzxyO.
Chackrabarty, Subrata y Liang Wang (2013). «Mitigation and Internationalization: The Competitiveness of Multinational Corporations». Thunderbird International Business Review, 55 (6): 673-688. Disponible en https://bit.ly/3fYaueS.
Dasaklis, Thomas y Costas Pappis (2013). «Supply chain management in view of climate change: An overview of possible impacts and the road ahead». Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 6 (4): 1124-1138. Disponible en https://www.jiem.org/index.php/jiem/article/view/883/537
Deck, Carol (2015). Designing and Effective Environmental Compliance Program. Thomson Reuters.
Eccles, Robert G., Scott C. Newquist y Roland Schatz (2007). «Reputation and its risks», Harvard Business Review, 85 (2). Disponible en https://bit.ly/31ezaLG.
Ernst & Young. 2018 . «How are your climate change disclosures revealing the true risk and opportunities of your business?» Global Climate Risk Disclosure Barometer. https://www.ey.com/en_gl/assurance/climate-change-disclosures-revealing-risks-opportunities.
Espey, Simone (2001). «Renewables portfolio standard: a means for trade with electricity from renewable energy sources?».Energy Policy, 29 (7): 557-566. Disponible en https://bit.ly/37YgH7t.
Gasbarro, Federica y Jonathan Pinske (2016). «Corporate Adaptation Behaviour to Deal with Climate Change: The Influence of Firm –Specific Interpretations of Physical Climate Impacts». Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 23 N° 3: 179-192. Disponible en https://bit.ly/2B6DNNo.
Gurria, Angel (2019). «Climate: Reclaiming our Common Future». Fourth Biennial Lecture on Climate Change. Disponible en http://www.oecd.org/environment/cc/climate-lecture-reclaiming-our-common-future.pdf
Hannah, Lee, Patrick Roehdanz, Makihiko Ikegami, Anderson Shepard, Rebecca Shaw, Gary Tabor, Lu Zhi, Pablo Marquet y Robert Hijmans. 2013. «Climate change, wine, and conservation». Business Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110 (17): 6907-6912. Disponible en https://bit.ly/2VhRUWS.
https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg1-chapter9-1.pdf
IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2012), Managing the Risk of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation, United Nations Environment Program.
IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2014a). «Resumen para responsables de políticas». En Cambio climático 2014: Mitigación del cambio climático. Contribución del Grupo de trabajo III al Quinto Informe de Evaluación del Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Reino Unido y Nueva York, Estados Unidos. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/SYR_AR5_FINAL_full_es.pdf
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Kranz, Nicole (2012). «Business and Climate Change Adaptation: Contributions to Climate Change Governance». Nueva York: Palgrave Macmillan. Disponible en https://bit.ly/3dwjypp.
Lash, Jonathan y Fred Wellington (2007). «Competitive Advantage on a Warming Planet» Harvard Business Review, marzo. Disponible en https://bit.ly/31kEc9s.
Lemmenm, Donald y Fiona Warren (2008). «Introduction». En Donald Lemmen y otros (eds.), From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate 2007. Ottawa: Gobierno de Canadá.
Linnenluecke, Martina y Andrew Griffiths (2010). «Beyond Adaptation: Resiliencie for Business in Light of Climate change and Weather Extremes». Business and Society, 49 (3): 477-511. Disponible en https://bit.ly/2No5Om2.
Linnenluecke, Martina, Andrew Griffiths y Monika Winn (2012). «Extreme Weather Events and the Critical Importance of Anticipatory Adaptation and Organizational Resiliencie in Responding to Impacts». Business Strategy and the Environment, 21 (1): 17-32. Disponible en https://bit.ly/2NrWsFY.
Mcallister, Lesley (2012). «Cap and Trade». Universidad de California. Disponible en https://bit.ly/3dvcHNc.
Nikolau, Ioannis, Konstantinos Evangelinos y Walter Leal (2015). «A system dynamic approach for exploring the effect of climate change risk on firm’s economic performance». Journal of Cleaner Production, 103: 499-506. Disponibles en https://bit.ly/3ewUsbq.
ONU Medio Ambiente (2017). El estado del litigio en materia de cambio climático: Una revisión global. Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Columbia. Disponible en https://bit.ly/2BF4xEp.
OCDE, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCDE) (2011). Environmental Taxation: A Guide for Policy Makers. Disponible en https://bit.ly/3dtyKn9.
Pattberg, Phillip (2012). «How Climate Change Became a Business Risk: Analyzing Nonstate Agency in Global Climate Politics». Environment and Planning, 30 (4): 613-626. Disponible en https://bit.ly/2NnREBo.
Peel, Jacqueline (2007). «The Role of Climate Change Litigation in Australia’s Response to Global Warming». Environmental and Planning Law Journal, 24 (2): 90-105. Disponible en https://bit.ly/3i60Eth.
Peel, Jacqueline (2011). «Issues in Climate Change Litigation». Carbon & Climate Law Review, 5 (1): 15-24. Disponible en jstor.org/preview-page/10.2307/24324007.
Power, Michael (2004). «The Risk Management of Everything». The Journal of Risk Finance, 5 (3): 58-65. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1108/eb023001.
Schellnhuber, Hans J. (2008). «Global Warming: Stop worrying, start panicking?» Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105 (38): 14239-14240. Disponible en https://www.pnas.org/content/105/38/14239.short
Sheldon, Christopher y Mark Yoxon (2006). Environmental Management Systems: A Step by Step Guide to Implementation & Maintenance. Londres: Eatrhscan. Tercera edición.
Shrestha, Deepmala (2014). «The Impacts of Climate Change on Business». Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2 (1): 93-112. Disponible en https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/CTBIJIS/article/view/10816
Weinhofer, Georg y Timo Busch (2013). «Corporate Strategies for Managing Climate Risks». Business Strategy and the Environment, 22 (2): 121-144. Disponible en https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bse.1744.
Wells, Victoria, Cerys Ponting y Ken Peattie. 2011. «Bahaviour and Climate Change: Consumer Perceoptions of Responsibility». Journal of Marketing Management, 27 (7-8): 808-833. DOI: 10.1080/0267257x.2010.500136.
Wilbanks, T.J., P. Romero Lankao, M. Bao, F. Berkhout, S. Cairncross, J.-P. Ceron, M. Kapshe, R. Muir-Wood and R. Zapata-Marti. 2007. «Industry, settlement and society». En Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Disponible en https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg2-chapter7-1.pdf.
Winn, Monika, Manfred Kirchgeorg, Andrew Griffiths, Martina Linnenluecke y Elmar Günther (2011). «Impacts from Climate Change on Organizations: A Conceptual Foundation». Business Strategy and the Environment, 20 (3): 157-173. Disponible en https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bse.679.
Wiser, Ryan, Kevin Porter y Robert Grace. 2005. «Evaluating Experience with Renewable Portfolio Standards in the United States». Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 10 N° 2: 237–263. DOI: 10.1007/s11027-005-6573-4
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