Linfoma de Hodgkin: epidemiología, fisiopatología, clasificación y pronóstico
Resumen
Introducción: El propósito de esta revisión es resumir los aspectos esenciales sobre la epidemiología, fisiopatología, clasificación y pronóstico del linfoma de Hodgkin (LH).
Cuerpo de la Revisión: El LH es un linfoma B específico que afecta a ganglios linfáticos periféricos y, en ocasiones, áreas extraganglionares. Se clasifica en dos entidades, el linfoma de Hodgkin clásico y el linfoma de Hodgkin con predominio linfocítico nodular. Cada tipo cuenta con células distintivas que interaccionan con un microambiente especial. Es característico que los pacientes con LH presenten síntomas B. Para el diagnóstico se utilizan estudios de laboratorio, imágenes y anatomopatológicos. La clasificación más usada en el mundo actualmente es la de Ann Arbor ya que ayuda a establecer el pronóstico de la enfermedad.
Discusión: Respecto a la clasificación anterior del LH, al año 2016, no se han realizado cambios importantes, salvo algunas acotaciones sobre el LH con predominio linfocítico nodular y el LH clásico rico en linfocitos. Las técnicas moleculares han encontrado características compartidas entre linfomas, lo que confirma que las clasificaciones deben adaptarse a los nuevos hallazgos citogenéticos.
Palabras clave:
linfoma de Hodkin, epidemiología, clasificación, pronóstico, fisiopatologíaReferencias
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