Zero-rating and net neutrality in Chile
Abstract
The Chilean net neutrality regulation has been widely analyzed worldwide, as it is the first law in the world to recognize this principle, which aims to prevent arbitrary discrimination of internet traffic. One of the main challenges in interpreting and implementing this law within Chile has been the regular practice of zero-rating, in which certain telecommunications providers prioritize certain applications through free data. Although this practice was qualified as a breach of net neutrality by the regulatory body, the Subsecretariat of Telecommunications (Subtel), zero-rating is still practiced by mobile telephone companies as part of their subscription offers. This article seeks to analyze both the legal status of zero-rating in Chile and the evolution of the Subtel criteria.Keywords:
net neutrality, zero-rating, mobile telephony, telecommunicationsReferences
Ard, BJ (2016). «Beyond neutrality: How zero rating can (sometimes) advance user choice, innovation, and democratic participation». Rayland Law Review, 75: 984-1.028. Disponible en http://bit.ly/2trjuTE.
Barata, Joan (2012). «El concepto de net neutrality y la tensión entre regulación pública y autorregulación privada de las redes». Internet, Derecho y Política, 13: 44-52. DOI: 10.7238/idp.v0i13.1480.
Brouwer, Dennis (2017). «Zero-rating and net neutrality in the European Union». Tesis de grado, Universidad de Tilburg, Alemania. Disponible en http://bit.ly/2IfSSd2.
Carrillo, Arturo (2016). «Having your cake and eating it too? Zero-rating, net neutrality and International Law». Stanford Technology Law Review, 19 (3): 364-429. Disponible en https://stanford.io/2IjdwJd.
Castro, Oona, Sivaldo Pereira da Silva y Pablo Viollier (2017). Neutralidad de red en América Latina: Reglamentación, aplicación de la ley y perspectivas. San Pablo, Santiago: Derechos Digitales. Disponible en https://bit.ly/2z3GbOO.
Comisión Europea (2017). Zero-rating practices in broadband markets. DOI: 10.2763/002126.
Eisenach, Jeffrey (2015). The economics of zero rating. Nueva York: NERA. Disponible en https://bit.ly/29yVW6W.
Gharakheili, Hassan Habibi, Arun Vishwanath y Vijay Sivaraman (2016). «Perspectives on net neutrality and internet fast-lanes». Computer Communication Review, 46 (1): 64-69. DOI: 10.1145/2875951.2875962.
Huichalaf, Pedro (2015a). La neutralidad de la red: El caso chileno. Santiago: Subsecretaría de Telecomunicaciones. Disponible en https://bit.ly/2vz5OcR.
Huichalaf, Pedro (2015b). «Neutralidad de la red: Explorando el impacto en REGULATEL». Disponible en https://bit.ly/2K3oncx.
Jordan, Scott y Arijit Ghosh (2010). «A framework for classification of traffic management practices as reasonable». Transactions on Internet Technology, 10 (3): 1-23. DOI: 10.1145/1852096.1852100.
Keenan-Alspector, Jenna (2016). «What is free about free basics?». The 44th Research Conference on Communication, Information and Internet Policy 2016. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2756691.
Layton, Roslyn y Silvia Elaluf-Calderwood (2015). «Zero rating: Do hard rules protect or harm consumers and competition? Evidence from Chile, Netherlands and Slovenia». DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2587542.
Marsden, Christopher (2010). Net neutrality: Towards a co-regulatory solution. Londres: Bloomsbury Academic.
Marsden, Christopher (2016). «Comparative case studies in implementing net neutrality: A critical analysis of zero rating». Scripted, 13 (1): 1-39. DOI: 10.2966/scrip.130116.1.
Mois, Martin (2014). «Neutralidad de la red en Estados Unidos: De vuelta al pizarrón». Revista Chilena de Derecho y Tecnología, 3 (1): 139-161. DOI: 10.5354/0719-2584.2014.32223.
OCDE, Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (2016). Perspectivas de la OCDE sobre la economía digital 2015. Ciudad de México: Microsoft México. DOI: 10.1787/9789264259256-es.
Rossini, Carolina y Taylor Moore (2015). Exploring zero-rating challenges: Views from five countries. Washington DC: Public Knowledge. Disponible en https://bit.ly/2G3vsLy.
Soares Ramos, Pedro (2014). «Towards a developmental framework for net neutrality: The rise of sponsored data plans in developing countries». 2014 TPRC Conference Paper. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2418307.
Van Schewick, Barbara (2010). «Network neutrality: What a non-discrimination rule should look like». Stanford Public Law Working (inédito). DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1684677.
Wu, Tim (2003). «Network neutrality, broadband discrimination». Journal of Telecommunications and High Technology Law, 2: 141-176. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.388863.
Barata, Joan (2012). «El concepto de net neutrality y la tensión entre regulación pública y autorregulación privada de las redes». Internet, Derecho y Política, 13: 44-52. DOI: 10.7238/idp.v0i13.1480.
Brouwer, Dennis (2017). «Zero-rating and net neutrality in the European Union». Tesis de grado, Universidad de Tilburg, Alemania. Disponible en http://bit.ly/2IfSSd2.
Carrillo, Arturo (2016). «Having your cake and eating it too? Zero-rating, net neutrality and International Law». Stanford Technology Law Review, 19 (3): 364-429. Disponible en https://stanford.io/2IjdwJd.
Castro, Oona, Sivaldo Pereira da Silva y Pablo Viollier (2017). Neutralidad de red en América Latina: Reglamentación, aplicación de la ley y perspectivas. San Pablo, Santiago: Derechos Digitales. Disponible en https://bit.ly/2z3GbOO.
Comisión Europea (2017). Zero-rating practices in broadband markets. DOI: 10.2763/002126.
Eisenach, Jeffrey (2015). The economics of zero rating. Nueva York: NERA. Disponible en https://bit.ly/29yVW6W.
Gharakheili, Hassan Habibi, Arun Vishwanath y Vijay Sivaraman (2016). «Perspectives on net neutrality and internet fast-lanes». Computer Communication Review, 46 (1): 64-69. DOI: 10.1145/2875951.2875962.
Huichalaf, Pedro (2015a). La neutralidad de la red: El caso chileno. Santiago: Subsecretaría de Telecomunicaciones. Disponible en https://bit.ly/2vz5OcR.
Huichalaf, Pedro (2015b). «Neutralidad de la red: Explorando el impacto en REGULATEL». Disponible en https://bit.ly/2K3oncx.
Jordan, Scott y Arijit Ghosh (2010). «A framework for classification of traffic management practices as reasonable». Transactions on Internet Technology, 10 (3): 1-23. DOI: 10.1145/1852096.1852100.
Keenan-Alspector, Jenna (2016). «What is free about free basics?». The 44th Research Conference on Communication, Information and Internet Policy 2016. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2756691.
Layton, Roslyn y Silvia Elaluf-Calderwood (2015). «Zero rating: Do hard rules protect or harm consumers and competition? Evidence from Chile, Netherlands and Slovenia». DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2587542.
Marsden, Christopher (2010). Net neutrality: Towards a co-regulatory solution. Londres: Bloomsbury Academic.
Marsden, Christopher (2016). «Comparative case studies in implementing net neutrality: A critical analysis of zero rating». Scripted, 13 (1): 1-39. DOI: 10.2966/scrip.130116.1.
Mois, Martin (2014). «Neutralidad de la red en Estados Unidos: De vuelta al pizarrón». Revista Chilena de Derecho y Tecnología, 3 (1): 139-161. DOI: 10.5354/0719-2584.2014.32223.
OCDE, Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (2016). Perspectivas de la OCDE sobre la economía digital 2015. Ciudad de México: Microsoft México. DOI: 10.1787/9789264259256-es.
Rossini, Carolina y Taylor Moore (2015). Exploring zero-rating challenges: Views from five countries. Washington DC: Public Knowledge. Disponible en https://bit.ly/2G3vsLy.
Soares Ramos, Pedro (2014). «Towards a developmental framework for net neutrality: The rise of sponsored data plans in developing countries». 2014 TPRC Conference Paper. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2418307.
Van Schewick, Barbara (2010). «Network neutrality: What a non-discrimination rule should look like». Stanford Public Law Working (inédito). DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1684677.
Wu, Tim (2003). «Network neutrality, broadband discrimination». Journal of Telecommunications and High Technology Law, 2: 141-176. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.388863.
