Características de la proteína S relacionadas con infectividad de SARS-CoV-2 en comparación a SARS-CoV-1
Resumen
El coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave tipo 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsable de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), tiene similitudes estructurales y comparables mecanismos de patogenia con el virus del SARS 2003 (SARS-CoV-1). En esta revisión buscamos identificar las características y propiedades de la glicoproteína estructural “Spike” (proteína S) involucrada en los mecanismos por los que SARS-CoV-2 ingresa a la célula, poniendo énfasis en las modificaciones del procesamiento enzimático y los cambios conformacionales que justifican la función de la proteína S en el reconocimiento con el receptor y la fusión de membrana (adsorción y penetración). También, nos proponemos indagar las diferencias que expliquen en parte el comportamiento diferencial de ambos coronavirus mencionados, y las implicancias de la mayor afinidad que tiene SARS-CoV-2 por el receptor Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2 (ACE2) en comparación a SARS-CoV-1. La importancia del conocimiento estructural y funcional de la proteína radica ante todo en su utilidad para la identificación de segmentos potenciales para el desarrollo de vacunas específicas y de fármacos que intervengan en el proceso de infección.
Palabras clave:
SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 glicoproteína Spike, SARS-CoV-2 infecciónReferencias
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