La evaluación del riesgo ambiental como herramienta de apoyo en la consulta previa, libre e informada de los pueblos indígenas del Ecuador
Autores/as
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Juan Sebastián Durango Cordero
Universidad de Sussex
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3707-3652
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Rodrigo Durango
Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales y Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-2360
Resumen
Este estudio discute la importancia de incluir la evaluación de riesgos dentro del proceso de consulta previa, libre e informada y de consentimiento previo, en los procesos de licitación de actividades industriales, mineras o petroleras, y dentro de los territorios indígenas en el Ecuador. La evaluación del riesgo espacial es una herramienta de apoyo para la toma de decisiones previas a cualquier actividad industrial en su territorio. Para lograr este objetivo, usamos un enfoque deductivo para crear un marco conceptual legal y operativo que sigue los siguientes pasos: 1) recopilación de evidencia histórica de algunos casos legales llevados dentro del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, entre comunidades y gobiernos de la región; 2) conceptualización de las vulnerabilidades de los derechos humanos y su potencial para la degradación ambiental durante estas actividades humanas; 3) enfatizar la necesidad de presentar leyes que combinen la consulta previa, libre e informada con los estudios de riesgo ambiental y el potencial de requerir consentimiento en casos en los que el riesgo resulte alto (basado en los saberes ancestrales y conocimientos técnicos actuales), con el fin de reducir y mitigar los impactos sociales y ambientales negativos de estas actividades en los territorios ancestrales.
Palabras clave:
derechos colectivos, vulnerabilidad, análisis espacial, territorios ancestrales, amenazas industrialesReferencias
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